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Thorndon, New Zealand

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Coordinates: 41°16′30″S 174°46′40″E / 41.2750°S 174.7779°E / -41.2750; 174.7779
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Thorndon
Suburb
Thorndon in front of Kelburn and Te Ahumairangi Hill. Karori in the distance
Thorndon in front of Kelburn and
Te Ahumairangi Hill. Karori in the distance
Map
Coordinates: 41°16′30″S 174°46′40″E / 41.2750°S 174.7779°E / -41.2750; 174.7779
CountryNew Zealand
CityWellington City
Local authorityWellington City Council
Electoral ward
  • Pukehīnau/Lambton Ward
  • Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori Ward
Established1840
Area
[1]
 • Land149 ha (368 acres)
Population
 (June 2024)[2]
 • Total
4,310
Railway stations
Ferry terminalsWellington Interislander Terminal, Wellington Bluebridge Terminal
Wilton Wadestown
Northland
Thorndon
 Pipitea
Kelburn, Pipitea

Central Business District
Thorndon Quay — Mulgrave Street.
Pipitea Pā in the right foreground, St Paul's pro-cathedral behind the pā.
Thistle Inn is slightly left of the centre of this 1866 picture
Parliament's Beehive
and the old wooden administration building on reclaimed land

Thorndon is a historic inner suburb of Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. Because the suburb is relatively level compared to the hilly terrain elsewhere in Wellington it contained Wellington's elite residential area until it changed in the 1960s with the building of a new motorway and the erection of tall office buildings on the sites of its Molesworth Street retail and service businesses.

Before Thorndon was Thorndon it was Haukawakawa and in 1824 Pipitea Pā was settled at its southern end. More recently Pipitea Marae and the land under the Government Centre have been separated from Thorndon and the name Pipitea returned in 2003. The reclamations have been included in the new suburb Pipitea.

Thorndon combines the home of government and residential accommodation. It is located at the northern end of the Central Business District.

History

[edit]

Pipitea has been said to have been named for the pipi beds along Thorndon Quay.[3]

Ngāti Mutunga from Taranaki established the fortified village, Pipitea Pā, in 1824 on the Haukawakawa flats. Then the Ngāti Mutunga left on the sailing ship Rodney in 1835 settling in the Chatham Islands and Te Āti Awa occupied the pā. The pā declined after European settlement though some people remained there into the 20th century. There were other villages near 191 Thorndon Quay and near the junction of Hobson Street with Fitzherbert Terrace. The Pā's gardens reached parliament grounds and the Botanic Garden.[3] A mural Kaiota was painted in 2023 on Bowen Street referencing Māori cultivations of the area of the homesteads Pakuo Pā and Raurimu Kainga.[4]

Part of the previous pā site opened in 1980 as an urban marae. The site transferred to Te Āti Awa/Taranaki whānui as part of the local Treaty Settlement in 2009.[3]

Pipitea Marae and its meeting house, Te Upoko o te Ika a Māui, is a meeting place for Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika and Te Āti Awa.[5][6]

Thorndon, like Te Aro, is one of the few comparatively flat areas on the harbour. Haukawakawa / Thorndon flats became a significant part of Port Nicholson's first organised European settlement in 1840. S C Brees described it in 1848 as "the court end of town".[note 1] European settlers built their houses alongside the Maori settlement of Pipitea and the New Zealand Company named all the flats Thorndon after the estate of W H F Petre one of their directors.[7]

Demographics

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Thorndon statistical area covers 1.49 km2 (0.58 sq mi).[1] It had an estimated population of 4,310 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 2,893 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20063,477—    
20133,687+0.84%
20184,020+1.74%
Source: [8]

Thorndon had a population of 4,020 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 333 people (9.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 543 people (15.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,860 households, comprising 1,923 males and 2,097 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female. The median age was 32.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 312 people (7.8%) aged under 15 years, 1,443 (35.9%) aged 15 to 29, 1,833 (45.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 432 (10.7%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 79.0% European/Pākehā, 6.9% Māori, 2.5% Pasifika, 17.2% Asian, and 3.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 36.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 55.1% had no religion, 29.9% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 3.1% were Hindu, 1.3% were Muslim, 1.7% were Buddhist and 3.7% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 2,193 (59.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 114 (3.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $52,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 1,281 people (34.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,469 (66.6%) people were employed full-time, 435 (11.7%) were part-time, and 129 (3.5%) were unemployed.[8]

Notable buildings

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The buildings of the New Zealand Parliament are located in Thorndon. Thorndon is also the location of national institutions including the Appeal and High Courts —the Supreme Court is on Lambton Quay facing Parliament— the National Library and Archives New Zealand.

St Mary's Cathedral, 1890

The national museum moved from behind Parliament in Museum Street to a much larger purpose-built building in Buckle Street just before the second world war then in 1998 to the harbour edge and is now Te Papa Tongarewa.

Thorndon is home to two Cathedrals: the Anglican St Paul's Cathedral built between 1937 and 1998 to replace the pro-cathedral now known as Old St Paul's, which in turn had replaced a church on the site of the Beehive in 1844; and the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Cathedral in Hill Street, opened in 1901 to replace the destroyed St Mary's Cathedral in Eccleston Hill dating from 1851.

The Thistle Inn is one of New Zealand's oldest pubs.[9]

Geographic boundaries

[edit]
Thorndon 1880s from a Kaiwarra tunnel

Thorndon occupies the northern end of the narrow coastal plain that makes up the heart of Wellington. It is flanked to the north by the green hills of Wadestown, by Northland and Kelburn to the west and south, and on its south Pipitea with the Government Centre, the marae and to its east the port facilities of Wellington Harbour. Thorndon now incorporates Te Ahumairangi Hill.

The boundaries of Thorndon form a very rough triangle. Starting from the triangle's lower south-west corner, at the intersection of Glenmore Street and Collins Terrace, the boundary goes up through the north side of Te Ahumairangi Hill right across to Wadestown's Weld Street and down to the north end of Frandi Street. Then the boundary follows the west side of Thorndon Quay down until Davis Street where it zig-zags through to Hill Street then over to Bowen Street, Tinakori Road and Glenmore Street up to its junction with Collins Terrace.

Parks and gardens

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Queen's Park was created to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897. It is bounded by Grant Road, Wadestown Road and Park Road with a fountain at the intersection of Grant Road and Wadestown Road.[10] Trees in the park are a mixture of natives and exotics including a stand of oak trees.[11] The Magyar Millennium Park, commonly known as the Hungarian garden, is on the corner of Molesworth Street and Hawkestone Street. It was built in 2003, although it was planned to be opened in 2000 to mark the millennium of Hungary being a Christian state.[12] It is the only Hungarian monument in New Zealand.[13] It incorporates a paved area, seating, planted garden beds, a carved gate and memorial plaques.[12] The Katherine Mansfield Memorial Park in Fitzherbert Terrace is dedicated to the writer Katherine Mansfield. It was created in the late 1960s when the urban motorway was built and incorporates the Lady McKenzie Garden for the Blind.[14][15][16] The Wellington Botanic Garden is situated between the suburbs of Thorndon and Kelburn.

[edit]
  • Thorndon parks and gardens
  • Katherine Mansfield Memorial Park, 2021
    Katherine Mansfield Memorial Park, 2021
  • Queen's Park fountain and garden, 2021
    Queen's Park fountain and garden, 2021
  • Magyar Millennium Park carved gate, 2022
    Magyar Millennium Park carved gate, 2022
  • Founders Entrance, Botanic Gardens, 2024
    Founders Entrance, Botanic Gardens, 2024

Education

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Schools located in Thorndon include Wellington Girls' College, St Mary's College, Queen Margaret College and primary schools Thorndon School and Sacred Heart Cathedral School.[17]

Events

[edit]
Farmers' market in the St Paul's Cathedral car park, Hill St.
Cruise ships Noordam and The World by the Stadium

Thorndon Farmers Market is set up each Saturday in Hill Street.[18]

The Thorndon Fair has been almost every year since 1977, usually on the first Sunday of December. The fair has many stalls selling crafts and second-hand goods and is held for the benefit of Thorndon School. It is one of the main community events held in Thorndon. Parts of Tinakori Road and Hill Street are closed during the fair.[19][20]

Wellington Regional Stadium is in Thorndon and hosts sporting events and concerts.[21] The Thorndon Tennis (and Squash) Club was established in the 1879.[22][23]

Notable residents

[edit]
Old Government House Thorndon
circa 1877 on the site of the Beehive.
Old Parliament Buildings at the left
on the site of the Parliamentary Library

Ex officio

[edit]

Private citizens

[edit]
Residence of the Ambassador of France

Hobson Street

Robert Pharazyn's house
T C Williams's tower in the background

Tinakori Road

W H Levin's house in Tinakori Road
Queen Margaret College 2012
T C Williams's house is said to have had more than 30 rooms

Fitzherbert Terrace

Hawkestone Street and Portland Crescent

Hill Street

Sydney Street West. Rita Angus's cottage with red roof and yellow walls

Sydney Street West

Bowen Street

Murphy Street

Thorndon Quay

Glenmore Street

Many embassies, high commissions and consulates are located in Thorndon including: the US, Chinese, Cuban, German, Italian, Philippine, Thai and Turkish Embassies; the Australian, British, Canadian, Cook Islands, Fijian, Indian, and Niue High Commissions; and the Norwegian and Swedish Consulates-General.

Thorndon Esplanade

[edit]
Thorndon Esplanade ca. 1905

"Wellington's Show Walk". Thorndon Esplanade with its baths and shrubs lies beneath Aotea Quay. Its band rotunda was sent to Central Park in 1921. Built at the end of the 1880s on the reclamation of the Manawatu Railway Company and intended to be a place of fashionable display it did not survive the first World War. It had become dirty and disreputable suffering from the increased activity in the smoky railway yards alongside.[25] Its coprosmas and "gallant pohutukawas" never grew larger seeming to lack any care from the City Council but the wind and the poor soil and the grimy railway yard discouraged plants and visitors. "Lovers seemed to monopolise the gardens in the evenings".[26]

The salt water baths were closed in 1920 and the superstructure moved to Evans Bay for dressing sheds.[27] New baths opened in Murphy Street in November 1924 with certain hours set aside for mixed bathing.[28][29]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "being the neighbourhood of Government House, the church, the law courts, police court . . . etc" Samuel Charles Brees. Pictorial Illustrations of New Zealand, London, J. Williams, 1848
  2. ^ when Government House was taken over by Parliament following the destruction of Parliament Buildings by fire, (that building was eventually demolished to erect the Beehive) and a new residence built by the Basin Reserve
  3. ^ both her birthplace and her family's residence after 1898 at #133 Tinakori Road — destroyed for the motorway.

References

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  1. ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Atholl Anderson, Judith Binney, Aroha Harris. ’’Tangata Whenua’’, page 218. Bridget Williams Books, Wellington, ISBN 9781927131411
  4. ^ "Kaiota: The new mural at Bowen Street". Wellington City Council. 3 February 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
  6. ^ "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
  7. ^ E J Wakefield, Adventure in New Zealand, Vol.I, p. 100
  8. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Thorndon (250900). 2018 Census place summary: Thorndon
  9. ^ Stewart, Matt (16 December 2015). "Thorndon's Thistle Inn still a Wellington bastion of booze and bonhomie after 175 years - 150 years of News". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  10. ^ "Queens Park". tiaki.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Queen's Park Concept Development Plan" (PDF). Thorndon Residents Association. 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Magyar Millennium Park". Magyar Millennium Park. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  13. ^ Beaglehole, Anne (2015). "The Magyar Millennium Park". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Katherine Mansfield Memorial Park". National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  15. ^ Salter, Caitlin (1 October 2015). "Fitzherbert Tce's link with Katherine Mansfield". Stuff. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  16. ^ "IMMEMORIAL: THE STORY OF THE KATHERINE MANSFIELD MEMORIAL". Katherine Mansfield House & Garden. 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Find schools in Wellington City". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  18. ^ "Thorndon Farmers' Market". Healthy Kids. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  19. ^ "Home | Thorndon Fair | Wellingtons Iconic Street Fair | NZ". ThorndonFair. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Thorndon Fair / Discovering our Thorndon / Schools' Stories / Home". Living Heritage. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  21. ^ "Sky Stadium: History". Sky Stadium. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  22. ^ "Stuff". www.stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  23. ^ Romanos, Joseph (5 September 2013). "Tennis". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  24. ^ Paul Goldsmith and Michael Bassett, The Myers, David Ling Publishing Ltd, Auckland, 2007.
  25. ^ The Evening Post, 10 November 1930, Page 10
  26. ^ The Evening Post, 30 January 1915, Page 3
  27. ^ The Evening Post 13 September 1920, page 7
  28. ^ The Evening Post 25 November 1924, page 6
  29. ^ The Evening Post 1 December 1924
[edit]
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